Multi-physical field coupling in smelting processes of ferronickel submerged arc furnace
A three-dimensional multi-physical field coupled model is developed to reveal the interaction mechanism among electromagnetic,temperature and chemical reaction during the operation of submerged arc furnace.This model not only integrates electromagnetic theory,multi-phase flow,heat transfer and reduction reaction into a unison computational framework,but also adds the arc heat,Joule heat and reaction heat into the source term of the energy equation by user-defined functions(UDFs).The temperature distribution of molten bath under different electrode insertion depths is investigated and the reduction reaction degree at different regions of molten bath is analyzed.The results show that the temperature of molten bath increases with increasing electrode insertion depth.Under the influence of the magnetic field,the temperature distribution at the bottom of the molten bath becomes more uniform.The nickel oxide is more completely reduced in the molten bath than iron oxide,while both nickel and iron oxides are completely reduced in the crucible zone.When the electrode insertion depth is 2.1 m and 2.2 m,it helps to increase the furnace charge temperature and is suitable for the heating stage.When the electrode insertion depth is 2.0 m,the temperature of the charge and the reaction amount of iron oxide are more balanced,which is suitable for a stable melting stage.
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