Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)holds significant therapeutic value in the treatment of both benign and ma-lignant hematological disorders.In recent years,as the HSCT technology has continued to advance and improve,an increasing number of patients have achieved prolonged survival post-transplantation.However,transplantation remains a high-risk treatment modality.A major challenge in the overall management of transplant recipients is the development of post-transplant complications,which repre-sents a significant barrier to long-term patient survival.There are several rare but severe post-transplant complications that clinicians must be vigilant about,such as transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy,bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome,and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease.Although the incidence of these complications is relatively low,their associated mortality rates are high,and they can have a profound impact on the survival and quality of life of patients.Therefore,maintaining a keen awareness of rare and severe post-transplant complications is crucial for improving the survival rate of transplant recipients and their quality of life.
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