Changes in immune status in decidua and peripheral blood during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age
Objective:To investigate the changes in maternal immune environment during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age.Methods:Peripheral blood and decidual tissue samples were collected from the women who underwent early induced abortion in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January to April 2024,and the women were divided into advanced age group(16 decidual tissue samples and 12 peripheral blood samples)and control group(23 decidual tissue samples and 13 peripheral blood samples).Flow cytometry was used to measure peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets(CD3+T cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,CD19+B cells,and natural killer[NK]cells)and decidual NK(dNK)cell subsets including dNK1(CD103-CD18-CD39+),dNK2(CD103-CD18+CD39-),and dNK3(CD103+CD18+CD39-).Chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to mea-sure serum cytokines in peripheral blood.Results:Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in the number and percentage of CD3+T cells,CD19+B cells,and NK cells in the peripheral blood of the senior group,but the percentage of CD4+T cells in the senior group[(40.25±6.40)％]was increased com-pared with that of the control group[(35.29±3.95)％](P=0.030),and the percentage of CD8+T cells in the advance age group[(21.83±6.20)％]was decreased(P=0.041)compared to the con-trol group[(26.69±4.76)％].There was no significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of dNK in total lympho-cytes and the percentages of dNKI and dNK2 subsets in decidual NK cells,but the advanced age group[(45.21±11.40)％]had a sig-nificantly higher percentage of dNK3 subset than the control group[(22.93±6.93)％](P＜0.001).Compared with the control group in terms of serum cytokines,the advanced age group had significantly lower levels of interleukin-4(IL-4)(P=0.017)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)(P=0.011)and a significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α(P=0.014).Conclusion:There are significant changes in maternal immune environment during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age,with significant increases in the percentage of dNK3 cells in dNK cell subsets and the percentage of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood and significant reductions in the percentage of CD8+T cells and the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the peripheral blood.
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