摘要
杜威的理论有其局限性,但也不乏有益成分."从做中学"理论是杜威实用主义教育理论的组成部分,该理论主张学生通过"做"来获取直观经验,以改造旧经验,进而启发学生的反省性思维,即通过社会活动和职业媒介,让教育与个体生命经验融为一体,成为活的力量.该理论具有主动性、交互性、反思性和社会性四个特征,给新时代我国职业学校教育带来了一定启示:以引导学生学习兴趣为出发点,培养其对职业知识与技能的探究兴趣;通过经验在职业学校教学中的有效交互与传递,科学培养学生的实践能力;借鉴杜威的"反省思维五步教学法",促进学生反省思维能力的有效提升,培养职业学校学生的创新精神;培育职业学校学生的工匠精神,使其肩负起应有的社会责任.
Abstract
The philosophy of"learning by doing"is a crucial component of John Dewey's pragmat-ic educational theory.This theory advocates for students to gain direct experiences through"doing",transform old experiences and stimulate reflective thinking.By integrating education with individual life experiences through social activities and vocational media,it becomes a living force.It embodies four key characteristics:proactivity,interactivity,reflectiveness and sociality.Its implications for vocational education in modern China include:guiding students'learning interests as a starting point to foster their curiosity in vocational knowledge and skills;facilitating the effective exchange and transmission of experience in vocational education to scientifically cultivate students'practical abilities;embracing Dewey's"five-step reflective thinking method"to enhance students'reflective thinking skills and cul-tivate their innovative spirit;nurturing vocational students'craftsmanship spirit to enable them to as-sume their social responsibilities.
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