Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of pleural effusion ESR,TGF-β1 and IL-27 in tuberculous pleurisy. Methods One hundred and eighty-four patients with tuberculous pleurisy admitted to our hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected and divided into good prognosis group (n=146) and poor prognosis group (n=38) according to the prognosis of the patients. Clinical data of the 2 groups of patients were collected,and the levels of ESR,TGF-β1 and IL-27 in pleural effusion of the 2 groups were measured and compared. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed for various factors that may affect the clinical prognosis of the patients. ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of ESR,TGF-β1 and IL-27 in patients with pleural effusion. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in gender,diabetes,hypertension and coronary heart disease (P>0.05),but there were statistically significant differences in age,duration time of treatment,number of pleural fluid cells and total pleural fluid protein between the 2 groups (P<0.05). The levels of ESR,TGF-β1 and IL-27 in pleural effusion in poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in good prognosis group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ESR,TGF-β1,IL-27,the number of pleural effusion cells and total pleural effusion protein entered the regression model (P<0.05). ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of ESR,TGF-β1 and IL-27 in patients with pleural effusion,and the areas under the curve were 0.787,0.852 and 0.892,respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion ESR,TGF-β1,and IL-27 in pleural effusion of patients with tuberculous pleurisy can predict the prognosis of patients to a certain extent,thus providing certain reference value for the evaluation of patients' condition and treatment effect,which is worthy of further clinical research and analysis.