The Multi-functionality of Optional Agent and Patient Markers in Ludian Naxi
In Ludian Naxi,there are optional agent marker and patient markers.The agent marker nw33,with its allophone ni33,generally appears after the agent argument;the patient markers to55,kua55,tço11 generally appear after the patient argument.Judging from the discourse materials,to55 is the most frequently-used in legends,kua55 is the most frequently-used in dialogues;teo11 is currently in the process of developing into a patient marker,and basically does not appear in discourse materials.Agent and patient arguments can also be expressed by tone-sandhi.In addition to the impact of discourse materials,the appearance of these markers are also restricted by semantics,pragmatics and syntactic factors.Both the agent marker and patient markers are multifunctional in that nui33 also acts as locative marker,ablative marker,instrumental marker,nominalizer and emphatic marker;kua55,to55 can act as location word suffix,locative marker,and recipient marker,and;tço11 can act as location word suffix,direction marker,and recipient marker.
万方数据
维普
