Working Place-Residence-School Activity Spatial Measure and Its Impact on Children's School Travel:Taking the Dual-Income Families in Kunming as an Example
Contemporary urban families tend to consider nearby schools as an important reference when choosing residence, which not only reduces the distance between school and residence but also exacerbates the separation of workplace and residence. Selecting 561 dual-income families with school-age children in Kunming as research objects, this paper analyzes the impact of family spatial differentiation on children's school educational decision-making. Firstly, based on the theory of time geography, a theoretical model for measuring family activity space considering the three anchor points of work, residence, and education is de-veloped. Secondly, according to the measurement results, the family activity space is divided into two cate-gories, namely work-residence/education adjacent and work-residence/education separation. Finally, the pa-per establishes a structural equation model to discuss the influence of parents' working time and parent-child combined time window on children's spatial-temporal behavior of school travel in both categories. The results show that, compared to the distance between education and residence, the distance between par-ents' workplace and residence and parents' working time have a more significant impact on commuting behaviors. Therefore, the effect of the nearby enrollment policy on promoting children's walking to school is limited. In addition, for families with a separation of work-residence/education, the degree of flexibility in the combined time window for parent-child after school has a significant impact on children's travel. The wider the combined time window, the greater the possibility of children traveling by car. Therefore, the effect of flexible school hours is also questionable. The gender differences in children's commuting be-havior are mainly reflected in the families with separation of work, residence, and education.
traffic managementtravel mode of commuting to schoolstructural equation modeltime geographyfamily activity spacedual-income familiescombined time windowKunming
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