Bus Transit Fares Based on Pricing Factors and Level of Service:a Case Study of Qingdao
With the substantial decline in urban bus transit passenger volumes and significant increase in fiscal subsidies,it is imperative to formulate a sustainable bus transit fare policy that aligns with the charac-teristics of urban development under the new normal.Combining public welfare and marketization and tak-ing into account the government's capacity,residents'affordability,and the pricing relationship between bus transit and urban rail transit,this paper explores the pricing method for bus transit fares.Taking Qingd-ao as an example and comparing it with similar cities,the paper addresses the impact of four pricing fac-tors on the pricing of bus transit fares:the passenger fare-cost ratio,the proportion of operating subsidies to urban fiscal revenue,the proportion of expenditure on bus transit fares to residents'income,and the pric-ing relationship between bus transit and urban rail transit.A scheme of preliminary average passenger fare is determined to be¥1.35.An evaluation index system is developed for bus transit level of service that con-sists of four criteria and 14 indicators at the index level;the final average passenger fare is adjusted to ¥1.40 based on the comprehensive evaluation results.The results show that at this fare level,all the four pricing factors are within the reasonable target range for Qingdao.
bus transitfare pricingfare-cost ratiooperating subsidiesaverage passenger farelevel of serviceQingdao
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