Impacts of Bus Transit on Job Accessibility from the Perspective of Transportation Equity:A Case Study of TOD in Phnom Penh,Cambodia
In the past two decades,Phnom Penh,Cambodia,has experienced rapid population growth and urban expansion,resulting in substantial challenges such as job-housing imbalance and commuting difficul-ties.By adopting a strategy of"transit-oriented modern city",the city has successfully addressed the longstanding bottleneck in limited public transportation resources and enriched the evolutionary practices of bus transit-led Transit-Oriented Development(TOD)in developing countries.From the perspective of transportation equity,this paper reviews domestic and international research findings regarding the impact of public transit systems in improving the job-housing spatial relationship and enhancing job accessibility for low-income groups.Using Phnom Penh's TOD practices as a case study,the paper uses data collected from travel surveys conducted in 2021 and 2024 and applies GIS spatial statistical analysis and network analysis to investigate the impacts of bus transit on job accessibility across different locations and demo-graphic groups.The findings reveal that,in terms of spatial equity,while bus transit generally reduces com-muting times between urban centers and suburban areas and improves job accessibility,its coverage of job accessibility for low-income groups in various communities remains limited.In terms of vertical equity,multivariate regression model analysis indicates that low-income groups commuting by bus have a higher proportion of securing formal job positions,highlighting the positive impact of bus transit on job accessibil-ity for these groups.
bus transitTODjob accessibilitytransportation equityPhnom Penh,Cambodia
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