[Objective]In order to study the inter-annual dynamic changes of plant biomass in temperate desert grassland and its correlation with climate factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for ecological restoration and scientific management of this kind of grassland.[Methods]Taking the temperate desert of Petrosimonia sibirica type in Bole city as research object,the average height,coverage and biomass of the plant community were dynamically monitored for 10 consecutive years (2012 to 2021) by field monitoring method.[Results]The results showed that the plant height,cover and biomass of the temperate desert grassland showed dynamic changes from 2012 to 2021,with a higher level in 2016 and a lower level in 2019 to 2020,and the plant biomass in 2016 was significantly higher than that in 2017 to 2020 (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between biomass and precipitation (P<0.05),but a weak correlation between biomass and air temperature.[Conclusion]The characteristics of plant community in natural grassland fluctuated in 10 years,and precipitation was an important factor affecting the changes of plant community characteristics.