[Objective]In order to investigate the incidence of dourine in Yili region of Xinjiang as well as the therapeutic effect of drugs for dourine.[Methods]After ELISA and PCR detection for the horses suspected of being infected with dourine,anti-trypanosomal drugs were administer to the confirmed horses.[Results]For the 21 suspected horses with clinical symptoms of dourine,4 and 3 horses were detected positive by ELISA and PCR,respectively,and the horses detected positive by PCR were also positive detected by ELISA,1 positive horse was detected out by ELISA rather than PCR. Two horses recovered after treatment with anti-trypanosomal drugs,one horse recovered after treatment with anti-trypanosomal drugs followed by consolidation therapy with antibiotics,and the other one horse died.[Conclusion]The combination of ELISA and PCR method could improve the detection rate of dourine. The horse infected with dourine may be cured by drugs if being diagnosed at early period,but it was difficult to cure in the later stage. Scientific basis was provided for the diagnosis and treatment of dourine in Yili region of Xinjiang.