摘要
为指导有机桑园规范、安全使用植物保护产品,预防养蚕中毒损失,采用浸叶法测定了33种植物保护产品对家蚕的急性毒性、风险性等级和残毒期.结果表明:0.5%苦参碱水剂、1.6%狼毒素水乳剂、20亿PIB/mL棉铃虫核型多角体病毒悬浮剂、20亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂、16 000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂等5种杀虫剂对家蚕急性毒性和风险性等级高,推荐浓度在桑叶上的残毒期长很长,应禁止在蚕室、桑园及周围农作物使用.1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂、0.3%印楝素乳油、0.3%印楝素可溶液剂、6%鱼藤酮微乳剂对家蚕急性毒性为中等至高毒,风险性为中等至极高风险性,但推荐浓度在桑叶上的残毒期为7～10 d;30%茶皂素水剂、100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂对家蚕分别为中等风险性和高风险性,推荐浓度在桑叶上的残毒期为1d,这6种杀虫剂均可用于桑园害虫防治.其余22种杀虫剂、杀螨剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂、植物诱抗剂对家蚕毒性和风险性较低,按推荐浓度防治桑园病害虫,对养蚕安全风险性低.
Abstract
In order to guide the standardised and safe use of plant protection products in organic mulberry gardens and to prevent poisoning losses in sericulture,the acute toxicity,risk level and residual toxicity period of 33 plant protection products to silkworms were determined by leaf dipping method.The results showed that five insecticides,including 0.5%picloram aqueous,1.6%lycopene toxin aqueous emulsion,2 billion PIB/mL cotton bollworm nucleopolyhedrovirus suspension,2 billion PIB/mL kale nightshade moth nucleopolyhedrovirus suspension,and 16 000 IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder,had high acute toxicity and risk rating to silkworms,and the recommended concentration had a long and very long residual toxicity period on mulberry leaves.They should be prohibited to be used in silkworm rooms,mulberry gardens and surrounding crops.1.5%pyrethrin water emulsion,0.3%neem emulsifiable concentrate,0.3%neem soluble concentrate,and 6%fisetin microemulsion are of moderate to high acute toxicity to silkworms,and medium to very high risk,but the residual toxicity period of the recommended concentration on mulberry leaves is 7 to 10 d.The residual toxicity periods of 30%teasaponin aqueous concentrate,and 10 billion spores/mL Bacillus thuringiensis short-stable suspension were medium risky and high risky to silkworms respectively,and the residual period of recommended concentration on mulberry leaves was 1 d.These six insecticides could be used for pest control in mulberry gardens.The remaining 22 insecticides,acaricides,fungicides,plant growth regulators,and plant antagonists were of low toxicity and risk to domestic silkworms,and the control of mulberry garden pests and diseases at the recommended concentration was of low risk to the safety of sericulture.
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