Metal-based electrocatalysts for ammonia electro-oxidation reaction to nitrate/nitrite:Past,present,and future
Electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia is an appealing,low-temperature process for the sustainable production of nitrites/nitrates that avoids the formation of pernicious N2O and can be fully powered by renewable electricity.However,the number of known efficient catalysts for this purpose is lim-ited.In this review,based on the possible reaction mechanism of electrocatalytic ammonia oxida-tion reaction(AOR),the control of catalyst performance by hybrid composite design,microstructure construction,and surface modification is reviewed,and the prospects of AOR catalysts for photoca-talysis,thermocatalysis,and biocatalysis are proposed.Notably,a rational and rigorous AOR ex-perimental protocol is suggested.We hope that the research community will jointly focus on the sensible testing of AOR products and eventually develop a more realistic evaluation system.Finally,a techno-economic analysis of AOR electrocatalysis was carried out,and a more economical car-bon-free cycle system based on the AOR process was proposed.
Ammonia oxidation reactionNitriteNitrateNon-noble metal catalystAmmonia
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