This paper introduces the design and development process of an inline 6-cylinder diesel engine for a heavy-duty truck model.The engine adopts an electronically controlled high-pressure com-mon rail system and an efficient SCR aftertreatment system.The engine adopts a cylinder block and cylin-der head made of vermicular iron material,this engine has stronger power,lower fuel consumption,and better economy.The article includes the development and design of engine body structural components,the design and selection of combustion system related components,performance development strategies,and energy-saving and emission reduction measures.