摘要
[目的]研究田间老化生物质炭对酸性茶园土壤氮素形态和细菌群落结构的影响,探讨土壤氮素形态与微生物群落结构及多样性之间的关系,从而为评估生物质炭在茶园生态系统的长期效应提供科学数据.[方法]2010年在福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所试验基地,试验设置 5个生物质炭施用量:0、8、16、32和64 t·hm-2,依次记为CK、B1、B2、B3和B4处理.2022年(第 12 a)春茶采收后,采集 0～20 cm土层土壤,探究不同生物质炭用量对土壤氮素形态及细菌群落结构的影响,并分析其影响因素.[结果]与CK相比,施用生物质炭处理 12a后土壤有机碳、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、有效钾、pH、砂粒含量分别增加了 7.95%～21.40%、11.69%～25.54%、53.45%～115.84%、1.13%～38.86%、28.49%～114.13%、5.51%～12.46%和21.11%～67.88%;碱解氮、有效磷、黏粒和粉粒含量分别下降了 11.97%～17.25%(B1处理除外)、15.18%～50.36%、15.64%～38.21%和 8.57%～30.63%.生物质炭处理可提高土壤细菌Alpha多样性,增加了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)和粘球菌门(Myxococcota)的丰度,减少绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)的丰度.非度量多维尺度和线性判别分析结果显示,B0和B4之间有比较明显的分离,B4处理下产生了 19种显著差异的微生物类群.相关分析和冗余分析结果表明,土壤有效磷、速效钾、硝态氮、黏粒是驱动土壤细菌群落结构变化的关键环境因子.[结论]生物质炭施用 12a后,仍然能够增加土壤碳氮和速效养分养分含量,改善土壤质地结构,从而提高了土壤细菌群落多样性,64 t·hm-2 生物质炭用量可长期提高土壤供氮能力.
Abstract
[Objective]Long-term effects on nitrogen form and bacterial community in the soil at an experimentation station treated with biochar 12 years previously were examined.[Method]In 2010,a field study was started at the Tea Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.At the time,5 levels of biochar applications at 0(CK),8 t·hm-2(B1),16 t·hm-2(B2),32 t·hm-2(B3),and 64 t·hm-2(B4)were implemented.In the past 12 years since,tea was continuously cultivated on the land.After the spring harvest in 2022,0-20 cm layer soil were sampled for nitrogen form and microbial determinations.The collected data were analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS),Pearman correlation,and redundancy analysis(RDA).[Result]Over the years,the various biochar treatments significantly increased the contents in the soil of organic carbon by 7.95-21.40%,total nitrogen by 11.69-25.54%,nitrate nitrogen by 53.45-115.84%,ammonium nitrogen by 1.13-38.86%,available potassium by 28.49-114.13%,pH by 5.51-12.46%,and sand by 21.11-67.88%.Whereas alkaline nitrogen declined by 11.97-17.25%(except B1),available phosphorus by 15.18-50.36%,clay by 15.64-38.21%,and silt by 8.57-30.63%.Meanwhile,the abundance and diversity of the soil microbiome were significantly enhanced.In comparison to CK,the biochar treatments enriched Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,and Myxococcota,while reduced Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,and Planctomycetes.NMDS and linear discriminant analysis(LDA)showed apparent distinctions between B0 and B4 on the soil microbial community structure,and 19 biomarkers highly sensitive to the changes brought about by B4.The correlation analyses indicated that available phosphorus,available potassium,nitrate nitrogen,and clay in soil were the major factors affecting the microbial community.[Conclusion]Long after 12 years of the biochar application,the carbon,nitrogen,available nutrients,and structure of the soil continued to improve which benefited the land fertility as well as the microbiome.Significantly,the application of biochar at 64 t·hm-2 would effectively increase the nitrogen supply for a tea plantation.
基金项目
福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01489)
福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研项目(2020R1029001)
福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研项目(2021R1029002)
农业科技创新联盟专项(CXLM202202)
福建省现代农业(茶叶)产业技术体系专项()
维普
万方数据