摘要
沅陵县地处湖南西部,是湖南产茶大县,产茶历史悠久,其独特的地理位置和优越的生态环境孕育了丰富的茶树资源.为了探明沅陵县地方茶树资源的特性及其直接利用价值,分别对其区域内官庄(GZ)、麻溪铺(WJ)和清浪(QL)等 3 个乡镇的茶树资源进行挂牌调查及鲜叶内主要代谢物检测分析.结果发现,WJ茶树资源的水浸出物含量最高,QL的茶多酚含量最高,GZ的游离氨基酸和咖啡碱含量最高;茶多酚和咖啡碱区域间存在显著差异(p<0.05),水浸出物、游离氨基酸、可可碱和茶碱区域间无明显差异(p>0.05),儿茶素组分中仅表没食子儿茶素(Epigallocatechin,EGC)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)含量区域间存在明显差异(p<0.05),其他儿茶素组分区域间无显著性差异(p>0.05).聚类分析和单一生化成分分析,所取样品可聚为三类,Ⅰ类为茶多酚较低、氨基酸较低及简单儿茶素较高的资源,Ⅱ类为游离氨基酸含量较高、茶多酚含量较低和酚氨比值较低的资源,Ⅲ类为高茶多酚、高儿茶素尤其是酯型儿茶素EGCG含量高的资源.其中较适合加工绿茶的资源有WJ08、QL01、QL02、QL11 和QL14;适合加工红茶的资源有QL07、QL03、QL09 和QL13.特异资源有QL07(EGCG含量>10%)、QL05(高游离氨基酸含量3.961%)、QL11(低儿茶素苦涩味指数4.365)与GZ04(低酚氨比6.881),这些特异资源可为茶树育种及茶叶生产提供原材料.
Abstract
Yuanling County is located in the western part of Hunan Province,and is a major tea producing county with a long history of tea production.Its unique geographical location and superior ecological environment have nurtured rich tea tree resources.In order to clarifyexplore the characteristics and direct utilization value of local tea tree resources in Yuanling County,a listing survey and analysis of main metabolites in fresh leaves were conducted on tea tree resources in three townships including Guanzhuang(GZ),Maxipu(WJ),and Qinglang(QL)in the area.The results showed that the tea tree resources in WJ had the highest content of water extract,QL had the highest content of tea polyphenols,and GZ had the highest content of free amino acids and caffeine,and there were significant differences in tea polyphenols and caffeine between regions(p<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in water extract,free amino acids,theobromine,and theophylline between regions(p>0.05).Among the catechin components,only Epigallocatechin(EGC)and Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)content had significant differences between regions(p<0.05),while there were no significant differences in other catechin components between regions(p>0.05).Cluster analysis and single biochemical component analysis indicate that the samples can be clustered into three classes.Class I refers to resources with lower tea polyphenols,lower amino acids,and higher simple catechins;Class II refers to resources with high content of free amino acids,low content of tea polyphenols,and low phenol ammonia ratio;Class III refers to resources with high tea polyphenols,high catechins,especially ester type catechins with high EGCG content.The resources that are more suitable for making green tea include WJ08,QL01,QL02,QL11,and QL14;The resources suitable for processing black tea include QL07,QL03,QL09,and QL13.Specific resources include QL07(EGCG>10%),QL05(high free amino acid 3.961%),QL11(low catechin bitterness index 4.365),and GZ04(low phenol ammonia ratio 6.881),which can provide raw materials for tea tree breeding and tea production.
基金项目
湖南省创新平台与人才计划(2023NK4264)
怀化市市院科技合作专项(2022N1202)
湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2022CX35)
湖南省科技特派员服务乡村振兴项目(2022NK4174)
怀化市科技创新与成果转化专项(2021N1102)
维普
万方数据