Research Progress in Ecotoxic Effects of Suspended Solids on Marine Organisms
In recent years,due to the increasing frequency of sea use activities such as offshore reclamation,dredging,trenching,etc.,the concentration of suspended solids in relevant sea areas has elevated rapidly.Suspended solids have become the prevalent pollutant in marine environment.Increased concentrations of suspended solids would lead to a series of negative impacts on marine organisms,consequently impacting the entire marine ecosystem.In this article,we firstly introduce the action mode of suspended solids on marine organisms,then we review and highlight the ecological effects of suspended solids toward different marine organism species,including benthic or-ganisms,plankton,fish,and crustaceans.Additionally,a comparative analysis is conducted among the ecological toxicity of suspended solids on different marine organisms.Currently,research on the ecological toxicity of suspended solids to marine organisms is mainly restricted to the acute lethality and stress response.The concentration,particle size,and composition of suspended solids,as well as the species and age stages of marine organisms,would influence the toxicity of suspended solids.The Kruskal-Wallis test based on the lethal concentrations of suspended solids toward different marine organisms suggests that the toxic extent of suspended solids toward different species is approximately as follows:marine crustaceans＞fish＞plankton.Marine crustaceans are particularly sensitive to suspended solids,highlighting the need to prioritize their protection during offshore construction activities.In addi-tion,the actual levels of suspended solids in marine environment hardly reach the lethal dose;however,the ecologi-cal effects of suspended solid under low concentrations are chronic and continuous,and with consequences that could not be ignored.When evaluating the ecological impacts of marine engineering,it is necessary to pay attention to assessing the integrated and long-term effects of suspended solids on the ecosystem.Different levels of warning concentrations should be established based on the actual situation,in order to minimize the negative impact of engi-neering construction on marine ecosystem.
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