Distribution Characteristics and Toxic Effects of Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in Agricultural Soils of the Yangtze River Estuary Plains
Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)are contaminants of emerging concern with a similar structure to polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDFs),and exhibit dioxin-like toxicity,environmental persistence and bioaccumula-tion.In this study,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the contamination status of PHCZs in farmland soil in the Yangtze Estuary Plain in Taicang,Jiangsu Province.The results revealed that the concentration of total PHCZs(ΣPHCZs)ranged from 20.7 to 762 ng·g-1(calculated on dry mass;the same below)(median 37.17 ng·g-1),and the concentration of carbazole(CZ)was varied from 1.98 to 155.07 ng·g-1(median 4.13 ng·g-1).The distribution characteristics of PHCZs in soil were spatially disordered and influenced by the scat-tered farming model of households in Taicang area.And there was a significant positive correlation between the isomer concentrations of PHCZs homologues,while the correlation between each component of PHCZs and total organic carbon(TOC)is not significant.The toxic equivalent(TEQPHCZs)of PHCZs in farmland soil in the Yangtze River Estuary Plain ranges from 2.80 to 7.98 pg TEQ·g-1(mean 4.73 pg TEQ·g-1),which is lower than the safe TEQ value of sediment(20 pg TEQ·g-1),indicating low toxic effect.
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