Dynamic Variations and Human Exposure Characteristics of PM2.5 and BC in Typical Indoor Smoking Environment
Exposure to smoke emitted by smoking can trigger serious health risks,while indoor smoking laws are still lacking for many Chinese cities,resulting in frequent smoking behavior in public indoor environments.Mean-while,limited studies have focused on indoor air pollution associated with smoking as well as its dynamic varia-tions.In this study,real-time high resolution sensors were used to explore pollution levels and dynamic variations of indoor fine particles(PM2.5)and black carbon(BC)in typical smoking environments of mahjong and chess room.The contribution of smoking to indoor pollution and the extra pollutant exposure due to smoking were further calculated based on exposure characteristic data derived from questionnaire.Results showed that the daily average concentrations of PM2.5 and BC in mahjong and chess rooms were(154±68.9)mg·L-1 and(3.7±1.4)mg· L-1,respectively.Higher PM2.5 and BC concentrations were observed during operation period,which were 6.5 and 2.6 times of those during non-operation period.The indoor to outdoor ratios(I/O)of PM2.5 and BC were 6.3 and 4.1,respectively,indicating the major contribution of indoor source to indoor air pollution.Smoking can rapidly in-crease indoor PM2.5 and BC and generate concentration peaks,which can be as high as(502±111)mg·L-1 and(8.5 ±2.9)mg·L-1,respectively.Indoor PM2.5 and BC emission intensity attributed to smoking were(332±218)mg·L-1 ·min-1 and(3.2±1.8)mg·L-1 min-1,respectively.The calculated daily averages of smoking-induced extra expo-sures of PM2.5 and BC to target population were 74.5 mg·L-1 and 0.67 mg·L-1,and were 21.3 mg·L-1 and 0.19 mg·L-1 for annual averages,respectively,indicating severe health risks due to indoor smoking.This study fills in the data gap of indoor air pollution caused by smoking and can provide scientific support for formulating smoking control policies.
fine particlesblack carbonsmokingindoor airextra exposure
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
