典型室内吸烟环境细颗粒物与黑碳动态变化及人群暴露特征
Dynamic Variations and Human Exposure Characteristics of PM2.5 and BC in Typical Indoor Smoking Environment
杜伟 1崔占朋 1王金泽 2姜肃 1李珂欣 1朱子阳 3林楠4
作者信息
- 1. 昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明 650504;云南省土壤固碳与污染控制重点实验室,昆明 650500
- 2. 北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
- 3. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830011
- 4. 上海交通大学医学院公共卫生学院,上海 200025
- 折叠
摘要
中国大多数城市尚未出台室内控烟法令,导致公共环境室内吸烟行为较为普遍,对室内空气质量和相关风险人群的健康造成了严重危害.目前仍缺乏研究表征吸烟引发的室内空气污染及其动态变化特征,阻碍了控烟政策的制定.本研究基于高时间分辨率在线细颗粒物(PM2.5)和黑碳(BC)监测仪,结合相关风险人群暴露特征调研数据,探究了典型吸烟环境(棋牌室)的室内污染水平、动态变化特征、影响因素和吸烟导致的污染物排放强度及风险人群的额外暴露.结果表明棋牌室日均PM2.5和BC浓度分别为(154±68.9)mg·L-1和(3.7±1.4)mg·L-1,其中营业期间的浓度为非营业期间浓度的6.5倍和2.6倍.PM2.5、和BC浓度的室内外比值(I/O)分别为63和4.1,表明室内源排放是棋牌室空气污染的主要来源.吸烟可以迅速升高室内PM2.5和BC浓度并产生浓度峰,峰值可达(502±111)mg·L-1和(8.5±2.9)mg·L-1.吸烟导致棋牌室PM2.5和BC的排放强度分别为(332±218)mg·L-1·min-1和(3.2±1.8)mg·L-1·min-1,风险人群因吸烟导致的日均PM2.5和BC的额外暴露分别为74.5 mg·L-1和0.67 mg·L-1,年均额外暴露分别为213 mg·L-1和0.19 mg·L-1,表明室内吸烟引发的额外暴露会导致严重的健康风险.本研究为吸烟导致的室内空气污染提供了基础数据,研究结果可为控烟政策制定提供科学支撑.
Abstract
Exposure to smoke emitted by smoking can trigger serious health risks,while indoor smoking laws are still lacking for many Chinese cities,resulting in frequent smoking behavior in public indoor environments.Mean-while,limited studies have focused on indoor air pollution associated with smoking as well as its dynamic varia-tions.In this study,real-time high resolution sensors were used to explore pollution levels and dynamic variations of indoor fine particles(PM2.5)and black carbon(BC)in typical smoking environments of mahjong and chess room.The contribution of smoking to indoor pollution and the extra pollutant exposure due to smoking were further calculated based on exposure characteristic data derived from questionnaire.Results showed that the daily average concentrations of PM2.5 and BC in mahjong and chess rooms were(154±68.9)mg·L-1 and(3.7±1.4)mg· L-1,respectively.Higher PM2.5 and BC concentrations were observed during operation period,which were 6.5 and 2.6 times of those during non-operation period.The indoor to outdoor ratios(I/O)of PM2.5 and BC were 6.3 and 4.1,respectively,indicating the major contribution of indoor source to indoor air pollution.Smoking can rapidly in-crease indoor PM2.5 and BC and generate concentration peaks,which can be as high as(502±111)mg·L-1 and(8.5 ±2.9)mg·L-1,respectively.Indoor PM2.5 and BC emission intensity attributed to smoking were(332±218)mg·L-1 ·min-1 and(3.2±1.8)mg·L-1 min-1,respectively.The calculated daily averages of smoking-induced extra expo-sures of PM2.5 and BC to target population were 74.5 mg·L-1 and 0.67 mg·L-1,and were 21.3 mg·L-1 and 0.19 mg·L-1 for annual averages,respectively,indicating severe health risks due to indoor smoking.This study fills in the data gap of indoor air pollution caused by smoking and can provide scientific support for formulating smoking control policies.
关键词
细颗粒物/黑碳/吸烟/室内空气/额外暴露Key words
fine particles/black carbon/smoking/indoor air/extra exposure引用本文复制引用
基金项目
云南省基础研究专项-面上项目(202301AT070331)
云南省西南联合研究生院科技专项(202302AO370001)
深圳市城市环境健康风险精准测量与预警技术重点实验室开放基金项目(ZDSYS20220606100604008)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据