为了掌握北京市山区河流的生态健康状况,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(fish-index of biological integrity,F-IBI)进行了评价.于2021年8月、2022年5月、2022年10月对5条代表性山区河流的11个点位,进行了鱼类种群、水质、生境等调查.构建了鱼类生物完整性评价体系,确定核心指标9项,分别为鱼类总物种数(M1)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(M2)、鲤科鱼类占总物种数的百分比(M4)、鳅科鱼类占总物种数的百分比(M5)、底层鱼类百分比(M20)、杂食性鱼类数量百分比(M22)、耐受性鱼类数量百分比(M23)、黏性卵鱼类数量百分比(M26)和鱼类总个体数(M30).采用比值法对上述核心指标进行赋分,并按照F-IBI得分将河流水生态健康状况划分为5个健康等级.结果显示研究区域河流生态健康状况良好,其中"优"、"良"点位占比为72.7％.通过分析F-IBI值与水质、生境等因素的相关性,发现全盐量、pH与F-IBI存在显著相关,而与水深、距闸坝的距离、溶解氧、透明度、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等不存在显著相关性.河道大量补充再生水会造成F-IBI下降,但是经过适当人工干预措施,如人工湿地,可以有效提升鱼类生物完整性.
Ecosystem Health Evaluation Based on Fish-index of Ecological Integrity in Beijing Mountainous Area Rivers
In order to investigate the ecological health status of rivers in Beijing mountainous areas,the fish-index of biological integrity(F-IBI)was evaluated.In August 2021,May and October 2022,11 locations on 5 representa-tive mountainous area rivers were surveyed on fish population,water quality and habitat.A fish biological integrity evaluation system was established,and 9 core indicators were determined,including total number of fish species(M1),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(M2),percentage of Cyprinidae in total species(M4),percentage of Cobitidae in total species(M5),percentage of bottom fish(M20),percentage of omnivore fish(M22),percentage of tolerant fish(M23),percentage of adhesive spawning fish(M26),and total abundance of fishes(M30).The ratio method was used to score the aforementioned core indicators,and the river ecological health status was classified into five ecological health grades according to the F-IBI score.The results showed that the ecological health status of the rivers in the study area was good,among which the"excellent"or"good"points accounted for 72.7％.Through the correlation analysis of F-IBI value with water quality and habitat,it was found that F-IBI was significantly cor-related with total salinity and pH values,while there was no significant correlation with other factors,such as water depth,distance from the dam,dissolved oxygen,transparency,chemical oxygen demand,permanganate index,am-monia nitrogen,and total phosphorus.A large amount of reclaimed water supplemented into the river would lead to F-IBI decrease,but artificial management practices,such as artificial wetlands,can effectively improve the fish bio-logical integrity.
mountainous area rivers of Beijingfish-index of biological integrityindicator systemtotal salinityreclaimed water
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
