Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induce Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Caco-2 Cells
The potential toxicological effects and health risks of micro/nano plastics have attracted widespread attention.In this study,human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells(Caco-2)were used as a model to investigate the cytotoxicity of PS-NPs and explore the potential intestinal toxicity mechanisms based on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.Our results showed that the exposure to PS-NPs led to changes in cell morphology,decreased cell viability,and increased release of lactate dehydrogenase.The minimum effective concentration of PS-NPs was determined at 50 μg·mL-1.With the increase of concentration of PS-NPs,the cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)content and malondialdehyde level increased,the mitochondrial membrane potential level decreased,Ca2+overload occurred,the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opened,the ratio adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate(ADP/ATP)increased,and finally the cell apoptosis rate increased.When cells were exposed to 200 μg·mL-1 of PS-NPs,the ROS content was elevated to 3.85-fold and the mitochondrial depolarisation was reduced to 0.63-fold than that of the control group.Meanwhile,the cell apoptosis rate reached 28.90％(P＜0.01).Taken together,the exposure to PS-NPs induced the cellular ROS generation,and the excess ROS gave rise to the mitochondrial damage,which in turn led to the increased cell apoptosis rate.Our study provides basic data and scientific basis for the intestinal toxicological effects and health risk assessment of PS-NPs.
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