Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in Human Bile
Microplastics(MPs)have attracted increasing attention due to their wide distribution and impact on natural ecosystems.However,there have been no reports on the exposure of microplastics in human bile to date.This study conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in human bile,in order to provide a basis for further exploration of the relationship between microplastics and human diseases.12 patients diagnosed with gallstones and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Xiaogan Hospital,which is affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology,were included from March to May 2023.The bile samples from those patients were collected as the experimental group,while the procedure blanks,experimental blanks and instrument blanks were used as control groups.Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)method was employed to detect the types and amounts of microplastics in the two groups of samples.Four types of microplastics,polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),nylon 66(PA66),and polyethylene(PE),were detected in 12 bile samples.One to three different types of microplastics were detected in individual samples,and the positive rate was 100％(12/12).The positive rate of PVC,PA66,PET,and PE were 100％(12/12),91.66％(11/12),25.0％(3/12),and 8.33％(1/12),respectively.In the samples where the plastic particles were detected,the content of PA66 was(10.36±8.62)μg·g-1,the average content of PVC was 14.53 μg·g-1,and the average content of PET was 10.66μg·g-1.In the sole sample where PE was detected,the content was 3.01 μg·g-1.In this study,the qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in human bile was conducted to provide a basis for the further exploration of relationship between microplastics and human diseases.
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