In recent years,antibiotics have been widely used in livestock and poultry farming industry,which makes a large number of antibiotics being excreted into the soil environment through animal feces,urine and other means.Antibiotics remained for a long time,which caused a series of soil pollution problems.Earthworms play an important role in maintaining soil ecological functions.Numerous studies have indicated the physiological state of earthworms can indirectly reflect the degree of soil pollution.Therefore,conducting research on the toxicity of anti-biotics to earthworms is of great significance for characterizing the contamination level of antibiotics in soil.This paper reviews the research progress about the toxic effects of antibiotics on earthworms,focusing on acute toxicity,reproductive toxicity,antioxidant enzymes,gene expression,and gut microorganisms.It finds that the toxicity of antibiotics is generally low,which will not directly cause the death of earthworms.However,excessive antibiotics can inhibit earthworm weight gain,destroy the antioxidant defense system,alter the structure of earthworm gut mi-crobiota,and have adverse effects on earthworms at the genetic level.Finally,this paper provides a prospect for fu-ture research directions on the toxic effects of antibiotics on earthworms in soil,aiming to provide a theoretical ba-sis for monitoring soil antibiotic pollution and conducting ecological risk assessments.
维普
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