Joint Toxicity of Four Emerging Pollutants on Five Different Types of Cells
The development of society has led to an increase in the types of new pollutants.With the development of society,the types of new pollutants are gradually increasing.Currently,the toxicity studies on new pollutants mainly focuses on the evaluation of a single toxicity.However,as humans may be exposed to mixtures of new pol-lutants through various routes,the assessment of the potential risks of these mixtures to human health has received increasing attention.This study used L02,AML12,HK2,C6,and HT22 cells as models to measure the growth in-hibition rates of five types of cells under different concentrations of ethinyl estradiol(EE2),bisphenol A(BPA),dibutyl phthalate(DBP),and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA).The effective concentrations(ECF,where F=10,20,25,33,50)of emerging pollutants at different growth inhibition rates were calculated.Binary,ternary,and quaterna-ry mixtures of emerging pollutants were designed according to the ratios of EC50∶EC50,EC33∶EC33∶EC33,and EC25∶EC25∶EC25∶EC25,and then diluted with a dilution ratio of 1/2.The inhibition rates were calculated,and the actual action curves were fitted.The concentration addition model(CA)and the independent action model(IA)were used to evaluate the combined effects of the different emerging pollutants.There was a dose-effect relation-ship between the four kinds types of emerging pollutants on the growth inhibition of the 5 types of cells.After 48 hours of exposure,EE2 showed the highest toxicity,while PFOA showed the least toxicity in all types of cells.HK2 showed the weakest sensitivity to the four types of emerging pollutants.In binary combinations,EE2+BPA showed significant synergistic inhibition on C6 and HT22.As the number of components increased,ternary and quaternary mixtures were more likely to exhibit additive and antagonistic effects.The four types of emerging pollutants were toxic to all tested cells,and the combined toxic effects varied with the changes in components and concentrations.
emerging pollutantscell modelcell toxicityconcentration addition modelindependent action model
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