行动者因果性、能动性与合理性——一种康德式回答
Agent-causality,Agency and Rationality:A Kantian Response
田昶奇1
作者信息
- 1. 武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉 430061
- 折叠
摘要
自由行动包括能动性与合理性两大要素.有两种解释自由行动的理论:理由因果主义与行动者因果性.相较于理由因果主义,行动者因果性能更好地说明能动性.解释自由行动,不仅需要说明能动性与合理性,还需要阐述二者的关系,然而,最有代表性的两类行动者因果性模型都无法调和二者.克拉克的行动者因果性模型会削弱能动性,奥康纳的行动者因果性模型会遭遇理由二难质疑,无法说明合理性,二者的共同缺陷在于预设了行动者的能动作用与理由相分离.一种康德式行动者因果性主张,为行动提供合理化解释的基本理由根植于行动者的本性,因此行动者施展能动作用的同时,也在提供理由.康德式行动者因果性可以有效调和能动性与合理性,从而解释自由行动.
Abstract
Free action includes two elements—agency and rationality.There are two theories to explain free action,i.e.,reason-causalism and agent-causality.Compared with causality,agent-causality can illustrate agency better.The explanation of free action needs not only agency and rationality,but also the relationship between the two.However,neither of the two representative models of agent-causality can reconcile the two.Randolph Clarke's agent-causality would weaken agency,while Timothy O'Connor's agent-causality would meet the dilemma of reasons and cannot explain rationality.The common flaw of them is that they presuppose that the agent's active role and reasons are separate.A Kantian agent-causality claims that the basic reasons that explain rationally actions are rooted in the essential properties of the agent;therefore,when the agent exerts the active role,he is also providing the reason.In this way,Kantian agent-causality can effectively reconcile agency and rationality,thus explaining free action.
关键词
行动者因果性/理由因果主义/能动性/合理性/自由行动/康德Key words
agent-causality/reason-causalism/agency/rationality/free action/Immanuel Kant引用本文复制引用
基金项目
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJA720008)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据