With seven species of lichens in central Shanxi province, the detection was conducted to study the morphology, anato-my and chemistry, employ thin layer chromatography ( TLC) to analyze chemical constituents to analyze similar traits.The lichen structures of seven species are similar, composed of the upper cortex, the algal layer, the medulla and the next cor-tex, while different species of lichen propagative organs and accessory structures are different.Four kinds of chemical con-stituents were tested.The genetic relationship was discussed with cluster analysis.