Characteristics of Changes in Chemical Composition of Ilex vericillata'Oosterwijk'During Flower Bud Differen-tiation
Through paraffin sectioning combined with phenological observations,the flower bud differentiation process of Ilex ver-icillata was divided into five stages:early flower bud differentiation(P1),inflorescence primordium differentiation(P2),calyx primordium differentiation(P3),petal primordium differentiation(P4),and stamen and pistil primordium differen-tiation(P5).Changes in endogenous hormone concentrations(gibberellin(GA3),abscisic acid(ABA),zeatin riboside(ZR),indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),(w(IAA)+w(ZR))/w(ABA),(w(IAA)+w(ZR))/w(GA3),and w(GA3)/w(ABA)),as well as the mass fractions of branch mineral(carbon,nitrogen,potassium,phosphorus)and ratios(carbon and nitrogen mass fraction ratios),soluble sugars,and soluble proteins mass fractions were measured.The results showed that the mass fractions of carbon,potassium,nitrogen,phosphorus,endogenous hormones,soluble sugars,and soluble proteins exhibited significant changes throughout the developmental stages.The mass fraction of zeatin riboside reached its peak during the calyx primordium differentiation stage(P3),while the mass fraction of abscisic acid was highest during the petal primordium differentiation stage(P4).The mass fractions of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellins peaked during the stamen and pistil primordium differentiation stage(P5).The ratio(w(IAA)+w(ZR))/w(GA3)peaked during the calyx primordium differentiation stage(P3),and(w(IAA)+w(ZR))/w(ABA)and w(GA3)/w(ABA)were highest during the stamen and pistil primordium differentiation stage(P5).The mass fractions of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potas-sium reached their maximum levels during the calyx primordium differentiation stage(P3),while the mass fraction of car-bon and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio peaked during the stamen and pistil primordium differentiation stage(P5).The chan-ges in soluble sugars and soluble proteins exhibited a similar increasing trend.Analysis of the correlation between the inter-nal composition of branches during the stamen and pistil primordium differentiation stage(P5)and flowering and fruiting yield,combined with principal component analysis results,indicated that the mass fractions of soluble sugars,soluble pro-teins,zeatin riboside,indole-3-acetic acid,and abscisic acid,as well as the ratios(w(IAA)+w(ZR))/w(GA3)and(w(IAA)+w(ZR))/w(ABA),were positively correlated with flowering and fruiting yield in I.vericillata.Conversely,the total phosphorus mass fraction showed a significant negative correlation with flowering quantity.Endogenous hormones,sol-uble sugars,and soluble protein mass fractions exhibited strong correlations with flowering and fruiting yield.Higher levels of hormones,along with soluble sugars and soluble proteins,are optimal conditions for ensuring satisfactory flowering and fruiting yields.
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