Variation in Seedling Morphological and Physiological Traits among Different Provenances of Quercus mongoli-ca
To explore the formation mechanisms of population differences among different provenances of Quercus mongolica,prog-eny groups collected from 15 provenances across seven provinces(Hebei,Henan,Shandong,Liaoning,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,and Jilin)were studied.The genetic diversity of Q.mongolica germplasm resources was evaluated from mor-phological and physiological perspectives.The results showed significant differences in nine morphological traits(plant height,ground diameter,height-to-diameter ratio,leaf length-to-width ratio,leaf area,crown projection area,leaf shape co-efficient,leaf margin factor,and serration number)and nine physiological traits(leaf water content,specific leaf area,spe-cific leaf mass,total chlorophyll content,chlorophyll a-to-b ratio,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,abscisic acid(ABA)content,and ethylene content)among different provenances.The genetic variation coefficients of these traits ranged from 0.66％to 49.63％,with serration number showing the highest genetic variation and height-to-diameter ratio show-ing the lowest.Cluster analysis revealed that the Zhangjiakou provenance had the largest average plant height,ground diame-ter,and crown projection area,indicating relatively better growth potential,although its leaves were the smallest.The Tong-hua,Sanmenxia,and Tieling provenances had the highest leaf water content and specific leaf area but the lowest photosyn-thetic pigment,ethylene,and ABA contents.The physiological traits of Q.mongolica from different provenances were signifi-cantly influenced by geographic environment,climate,and soil conditions,showing high correlations with the geographic dis-tribution of the provenances.Q.mongolica adapts to environmental conditions through changes in phenotypic and physiologi-cal traits,demonstrating strong stress resistance and environmental adaptability.Plant height was significantly influenced by temperature,latitude,and longitude.The leaf margin factor was positively correlated with latitude and longitude.The leaf shape coefficient was positively correlated with annual relative humidity.ABA content increased with latitude.
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