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美国碳中和政策:主要目标、实施路径及对华影响

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拜登政府上台后,美国确立了 2050年的碳中和目标.在政党之争、最高法院判决和俄乌冲突影响下,美国通过耦合经济与气候议题、征收碳关税、重塑跨大西洋气候政治议程和推动气候地缘政治重构来推动 目标实施.这些举措反映了美国维护国内产业竞争力、争夺全球气候领导力和塑造符合自身利益的气候新秩序之战略考量.然而,这不仅对中国相关产业造成冲击,影响其低碳减排工作进程,还升级了中西绿色低碳技术竞争,为中国气候外交带来新的不确定性.为了持续实现绿色低碳转型和高质量发展,中国可从四个方面进行考虑:一是深化全国碳市场建设,推动产业结构优化升级;二是完善碳减排机制组合,稳妥有序推进碳减排工作进程;三是大力推动低碳技术创新,加强国家绿色战略自主性;四是深度参与涉碳国际谈判,推动中国气候外交积极向前发展.
The US Policy of Carbon Neutrality:Main Target,Implementation Path,and Impacts on China
After the Biden administration took office,the United States set a goal of carbon neutrality by 2050.Under the influence of the political parties,the Supreme Court's decision,and the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the United States is trying to promote the implementation of carbon neutrality goal by coupling the economic issues with climate governance,imposing the carbon tariffs,reshaping the Transatlantic Climate Political Agenda,and promoting the climate geopolitical realignment.Those measures reflect the strategic considerations of the United States in maintaining the competitiveness of domestic industries,competing for global climate leadership,and shaping a new climate order in line with national interests.However,this will not only have an impact on China's industries related to climate change,affect its low-carbon emission reduction work process,but also escalate the competition between China and the Western countries in green and low-carbon technology,bring new uncertainties to China's climate diplomacy.In order to achieve the greenand low-carbon transformation and high-quality development,China can consider from four aspects:firstly,to deepen the construction of the national carbon market to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure;secondly,to improve the combination of carbon emission reduction mechanisms to promote the process of emission reduction in a steady and orderly manner;thirdly,to promote the low-carbon technology innovation vig-orously to strengthen the national green strategic autonomy;fourthly,to participate in international negotiations on carbon deeply to push forward China's climate diplomacy.

US Policy of Carbon NeutralityBiden AdministrationImplementation PathSino-US RelationsNational Carbon Market

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四川大学法学院(成都 610207)

美国碳中和政策 拜登政府 实施路径 中美关系 全国碳市场

司法部法治建设与法学理论研究项目四川大学"从0到1"创新研究项目四川大学法学院"创新2035"文明互鉴与全球治理研究计划法学课题

19SFB30532023CX18XD2035law002

2024

10.13654/j.cnki.naf.2024.01.008

东北亚论坛
吉林大学

东北亚论坛

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：1.879
ISSN：1003-7411
年,卷(期)：2024.33(1)
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