Rectovaginal fistula,belonging to the category of"Jiaochang disease"in Traditional Chinese medicine,was first documented in the"Compendium of Materia Medical".Surgical treatment is generally the mainstay for this condi-tion,and the treatment plan depends on various factors such as the characteristics of the fistula,etiology,patient's physi-cal condition,history of vaginal delivery,history of vaginal trauma,and anatomical differences among individual patients.This article reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with rectovaginal fistula combined with rectal polyp who was treated with vaginal fistula turnover purse-string suture repair combined with rectal polyp ligation.This case is presented to provide clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar patients.