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新中国成立以来民族地区推广普及国家通用语言文字的政策变迁研究

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在民族地区推广普及国家通用语言文字对政治稳定、经济发展、文化传承、国家认同等多个方面发挥着至关重要的基础性作用.新中国成立以来,民族地区推普政策经历了逐步发展与日趋完善的过程,大致可划分为四个主要阶段:初期推普与政策始建阶段(1949-1985年);政府重视推普与接续发展阶段(1986-1999年);依法推普与深化普及阶段(2000-2019年);全面普及推动与提质增效阶段(2020年至今).从政策演进过程来看,呈现出以妇女儿童为重点,主体对象日益聚焦;以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线,服务功能层次上升;以全面推普为目标,阶段要求循序推进;以多维推普为路径,方式方法不断创新;以推普方针为导向:推普工作紧跟时代所需;以水平测试为依托:测评体系初步建立的基本特征.进入新时代,在实现教育现代化征程中,民族地区推普要采取更加有效的方式,助力推动我国语言文字事业高质量发展.具体而言,要不断完善层级规划,细化推普目标进程;超越单项赋能:服务国家战略需求;锚定顶层设计:紧跟时代工作方针;激发长效动力:探索多元协同路径;深化体系建设:完善语言测评服务.最终通过优化策略组合,整体推进民族地区推普工作健康有序运行.
Research on the Policy Changes of Promoting and Popularizing the National Common Language and Script in Ethnic Regions Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China
Promoting and popularizing the national common language and script in ethnic areas plays a crucial foundational role in political stability,economic development,ethnic unity,cultural inheritance,national identity,and other aspects.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the policy of promoting universal suffrage in ethnic areas has undergone a gradual development and increasingly perfect process,which can be roughly divided into four main stages:the initial stage of promoting universal suffrage and the stage of policy establishment(1949-1985);The government attaches great importance to promoting popularization and continuing development stages(1986-1999);The stage of promoting and deepening popularization in accordance with the law(2000-2019);The stage of promoting comprehensive popularization and improving quality and efficiency(2020 present).From the perspective of policy evolution,there is a growing focus on women and children as the main target audience;Taking the strengthening of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line:elevating the level of service functions;The goal is to comprehensively promote popularization:the stage requires sequential progress;Taking multidimensional generalization as the path:constantly innovating methods and approaches;Guided by the policy of promoting popularization:promoting popularization work closely follows the needs of the times;Based on proficiency testing:the basic characteristics of the initial establishment of the evaluation system.In the new era,in the process of achieving modernization of education,ethnic regions should take more effective measures to promote and popularize the national common language and script,and help promote the high-quality development of China's language and script industry.Specifically,it is necessary to continuously improve hierarchical planning and refine the process of promoting universal goals;Beyond individual empowerment:serving national strategic needs;Anchoring top-level design:keeping up with the work policy of the times;Stimulating long-term motivation:exploring diverse collaborative paths;Deepen system construction:Improve language assessment services.Ultimately,by optimizing the combination of strategies,the overall promotion of popularization work in ethnic areas will be carried out in a healthy and orderly manner.

ethnic regionsNational common language and scriptPromote and popularizeLanguage policyPolicy changes

陈志其、谭震林

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喀什大学教育科学学院,新疆喀什 844000

南疆教育发展研究中心,新疆喀什 844000

民族地区 国家通用语言文字 推广普及 语言政策 政策变迁

2024

当代教育与文化
西北师范大学

当代教育与文化

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.364
ISSN:1674-5779
年,卷(期):2024.16(6)