DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR LOW-CARBON SCHOOLS:A STUDY OF DESIGN AND PLANNING STRATEGIES IN EUROPEAN LOW-CARBON SCHOOLS
With the increasingly severe global climate situation,there is an urgent need for green and low-carbon transitions in all sectors.As a crucial part of social infrastructure,the low-carbon transformation of edu-cational buildings holds significant environmental and social importance.Taking Germany,the United Kingdom,Italy,Spain,Portugal and Denmark as typical cases,this paper analyzes the latest policies and innovative practices in the planning and design of low-carbon schools in Eu-ropean countries.It summarizes five planning and design guidelines.These successful strategies provide valuable experiences for the renovation,planning and design of low-carbon schools in other regions worldwide.