首页|语义的寄生、多重寄生和去寄生——以(非)现实语义的寄生表达为例

语义的寄生、多重寄生和去寄生——以(非)现实语义的寄生表达为例

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本文从跨语言/方言角度考察(非)现实义的寄生性表达,发现(非)现实义在不同语言/方言中可以寄生于否定、结果、处所、处置、换指等范畴.(非)现实本身也可以作为宿主范畴,为其他语义所寄生.文章进一步提出多重寄生(multi-parasitization)和去寄生(de-parasitization)的概念.多重寄生指1)一个宿主范畴为多个语义所寄生;2)一个语义寄生于多个宿主范畴.去寄生指寄生意义的去除,包括1)宿主范畴的原型语义被凸显,不再承载寄生义;2)寄生义寄生于其他宿主范畴,原宿主范畴不再承载寄生义;3)寄生义经过历时演变而脱落.
Parasiticality,Multi-parasitization,and De-parasitization:A Case Study on Parasitical Expressions of(Ir)realis Meaning
This paper investigates the concept of"parasiticality"in language,building on the foundational work of Liu(2018).Parasiticality refers to the phenomenon that certain linguistic meanings or functions depend on,or are"parasitic"upon,other linguistic categories.To provide a comprehensive understanding of this concept,the study conducts a cross-linguistic and cross-dialectal analysis,particularly focusing on the(ir)realis meaning.The(ir)realis meaning,which pertains to the expression of reality or unreality in verbal forms,demonstrates a remarkable potential to be parasitic on various linguistic categories,including but not limited to NEGATION,RESULTIVE,LOCATION,DISPOSITION,and SWITCH REFERENCE.The paper illustrates how(IR)REALIS itself can function as a host category,supporting other parasitic meanings.This dual capability of(ir)realis meanings-as both host and parasite-highlights the dynamic and interconnected nature of linguistic categories.By analyzing these interactions,the study sheds light on the complexity and flexibility inherent in linguistic systems across different languages and dialects.Furthermore,the paper delves into the phenomena of multi-parasitization and de-parasitization,which add extra layers of complexity to the study of parasiticality.Multi-parasitization occurs under two primary conditions:ⅰ)that a single host category is parasitized by multiple meanings;and ⅱ)that a single meaning is parasitic on multiple host categories.The phenomenon underscores the intricate web of dependencies and interactions that can exist within languages,revealing how meanings can simultaneously draw from and contribute to multiple linguistic contexts.In contrast,de-parasitization involves the removal or shedding of parasitic meanings from their host categories.This process can occur for several reasons:ⅰ)that the prototypical meaning of the host category is emphasized or brought to the forefront,effectively overshadowing the parasitic meaning;ⅱ)that a parasitic meaning shifts its dependence to another host category,resulting in its removal from the original host;andⅲ)that a meaning that was once parasitic evolves over time,ultimately shedding its parasitic nature.Through the detailed analysis and extensive examples,this paper provides valuable insights into how parasiticality functions within a language and across languages.By understanding these processes,linguists can gain a deeper appreciation for the fluidity and adaptability of languages,as well as the subtle ways in which meanings and functions can migrate and transform.Ultimately,this research contributes to a broader understanding of linguistic theory,offering new perspectives on the interplay between the language structure and the meaning.

parasiticality(ir)realismulti-parasitizationde-parasitization

周晨磊、夏俐萍

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中国社会科学院语言研究所

中国社会科学院语言学重点实验室

中国社会科学院大学

寄生性 (非)现实 多重寄生 去寄生

2024

当代语言学
中国社会科学院语言研究所

当代语言学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.384
ISSN:1007-8274
年,卷(期):2024.26(6)