论杜诗中的"景"字不同于"影"
On the Distinction between"Jing"and"Ying"in Du Fu's Poetry
蔡锦芳 1任婕1
作者信息
摘要
杜诗中有三十三首诗使用了"景"字,杨伦《杜诗镜铨》在其中九处"景"字旁注为"影同"或"当读影".根据对唐以前文献的考察,"景"的本义指日光、天光,"景"字只有在取引申义阴影时,才与"影"同.自东晋出现"影"字后,表示阴影的含义时,《文选》所选诗文中"景""影"皆用,初盛唐诗中已专门使用"影"字.其实,"景""影"使用的区分,体现了诗人在观察事物时有不同的关注点,比如"翠柏深留景",关注的是光斑而不是阴影.唐诗中描绘日光的词汇非常丰富,清晰地呈现了唐朝诗人对光的敏感,对太阳照耀下自然景物的仔细观察,及对景物描写的精致推敲.将"景"字理解为本义日光,更符合诗人的诗心,也让诗歌更具有韵味和美感.杜甫诗中的"景"自然也是理解为日光更好,注为"同影"是错误的.
Abstract
In Du Fu's poetry,the word"景"(jing)appears in thirty-three poems,nine of which have annotations by Yang Lun in Du Shi Jing Quan suggesting"影"(ying)as its synonym or that it should be read as"ying".However,based on the study of pre-Tang literature,the primary meaning of"景"is sunlight or daylight.It is only when"景"is used metaphorically to mean shadow that it takes the meaning of"影".After the Eastern Jin dynasty,"影"emerged to specifically denote shadow.In Wen Xuan,both"景"and"影"are used to denote shadow,but by the early Tang dynasty,"影"was exclusively used.The distinction in the use of"景"and"影"reflects different observational focuses of the poets;for instance,"翠柏深留景"(Green cypress retains the sunlight)emphasizes light spots rather than shadows.Tang poetry is rich in vocabulary depicting sunlight,clearly demonstrating the poets'sensitivity to light,their meticulous observation of nature under sunlight,and their refined depiction of scenes.Understanding"景"as sunlight aligns better with the poets'intentions and adds more charm and beauty to the poetry.In Du Fu's poetry,"景"is better understood as sunlight,and thus annotating it as"ying"(shadow)is incorrect.
关键词
杜甫/景/影/杨伦/《杜诗镜铨》Key words
Du Fu/jing/ying/Yang Lun/Du Shi Jing Quan引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
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