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锂离子电池电解液失效分析及其测试表征技术

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电解液是确保锂离子电池拥有长期循环稳定性、高容量保持率等性能的关键因素.然而,电解液对杂质残留、温度波动、电压窗口不匹配等多种因素敏感,会导致锂离子电池失效甚至起火爆炸,具体失效形式为产气、热失控、老化、漏液以及容量衰减等.电池失效严重影响锂离子电池的使用性能及安全性.探讨了针对电解液失效所采取的先进测试表征技术,并选取了若干典型案例进行深入剖析,对失效原因及现象进行了分析.在此基础上,强调了开发和利用原位及联用测试分析技术的重要性.对电解液失效分析的研究前景进行了展望,提出了多层级失效分析、模拟仿真与预警技术的开发方向,以期为失效分析技术研究和电池性能的提升提供参考.
Failure analysis of lithium ion battery electrolytes and advances in their advanced testing and characterization techniques
Electrolyte is a key factor to ensure the excellent performance of lithium ion batteries,such as long-term cycle stability and high capacity retention.However,the electrolyte is affected by a vari-ety of factors,such as impurity residues,temperature fluctuations,voltage window mismatch,etc.,which can lead to Li-ion battery failure and even fire and explosion,and the specific forms of failure are gas production,thermal runaway,aging,liquid leakage,and capacity degradation,etc.These fail-ures seriously affect the performance,stability and safety of lithium ion battery.This study compre-hensively summarizes the advanced testing and characterisation techniques adopted for electrolyte failure,and selects a number of typical cases for in-depth analysis,and analyses the causes and phe-nomena of failure.On this basis,the importance of developing and utilizing in-situ and in-line testing and analysis techniques is emphasized in the paper.Finally,the research prospect of electrolyte fail-ure analysis is envisioned,and the development direction of multilevel failure analysis,simulation and early warning technology is proposed,with a view to providing reference for further research on failure analysis technology and improving battery performance.

lithium ion batteryelectrolytefailure analysisadvanced testingin-situ testing

杜进桥、田杰、李艳、皮子冰、蔡普、罗雯

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深圳供电局有限公司,广东 深圳 518002

武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070

锂离子电池 电解液 失效分析 先进测试 原位表征

2025

电源技术
中国电子科技集团第十八研究所

电源技术

北大核心
影响因子:0.329
ISSN:1002-087X
年,卷(期):2025.49(1)