"双碳"目标驱动下,新能源高比例接入给电力系统调节能力带来了新挑战.虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)作为挖掘需求侧灵活性资源的有效手段,受到业界广泛关注与推广应用.但是,目前虚拟电厂的应用场景较为单一,未建立起虚拟电厂可持续运营的市场化盈利模型.为解决这一问题,各级政府相继出台了一系列政策,推动虚拟电厂市场化发展.立足于上海实际情况,首先,总结了上海市虚拟电厂的建设发展概况,介绍了上海市虚拟电厂实践的成果和发展的方向;其次,根据国内市场发展情况,对虚拟电厂参与需求响应、现货市场、辅助服务市场的盈利模式进行分析,并对虚拟电厂未来可扩展的业务做简要展望;然后,建立了虚拟电厂参与多类型市场的市场化盈利模型,通过调节能力在不同场景的复用提升其运营效益;最后,通过算例验证了所提模型的有效性和可行性.所得研究成果对于推动虚拟电厂的市场化发展,提高电力系统的调节能力,实现可持续发展目标具有重要意义.
Practice and Exploration of Market-oriented Profit Models for Virtual Power Plants in Shanghai
Integrating a high proportion of renewable energy to achieve dual-carbon strategic goals has resulted in new challenges for the regulatory capability of power systems.Virtual power plants(VPPs)have extensive industrial applications as an effective means of exploiting demand-side flexible resources.However,the current application scenarios of VPPs are relatively simple and a market-oriented profit model for sustainable operations has not yet been established.To promote the market-oriented development of VPPs,a series of policies has been introduced by the government at all levels.Focusing on the actual situation in Shanghai,this paper first summarizes the construction and development of VPPs and introduces the achievements and development directions of the various VPP practices followed in Shanghai.Second,according to the domestic market development situation,the profit models of VPPs participating in the demand response,spot markets,and ancillary service markets are analyzed,and a brief outlook is provided on the future expandable business of VPPs.Furthermore,a market-oriented profit model for VPPs participating in multiple market types is established to improve their operating benefits by reusing the regulation capabilities in different scenarios.Finally,the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model are verified through case studies.The results of this study are significant for promoting the market-oriented development of VPPs,improving the regulation capability of power systems,and achieving sustainable development goals.
virtual power plant(VPP)demand responsespot marketpeak shaving market
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