摘要
本文总结和比较了中西方的积极交通研究,基于对中西方积极交通发展趋势的总结,发现各国积极交通发展大都经历了"繁荣-衰落-复兴"3个阶段.这一过程与各国城市化和机动化发展进程紧密相关.通过梳理中英文期刊中有关城市环境影响积极交通出行的文献,总结一般性的规律.再从城市环境对积极交通出行的影响效果以及人口经济特征的调节效应等方面,比较中西方研究在研究结论和侧重点上的差异.最后,为相关领域的研究工作提出展望,以期为国内开展进一步的研究提供指导.
Abstract
Over the last three decades,a growing number of studies have examined the impact of the urban en-vironment on active travel,aiming to identify effective environmental interventions to promote active trans-portation.However,given the disparity in the levels of urbanization and motorization between China and the western countries,empirical evidence from the western countries may not be generalizable to China.Through analyzing and comparing relevant research from China and the western countries,this study aims to provide new insights into future research on active travel in China.First,we found that the development of active trans-portation in most countries has generally followed a"boom-decline-revival"pattern,which is closely correl-ated with the levels of urbanization and motorization in the corresponding countries.Second,we reviewed the literature on the relationship between the urban environment and active travel,and identified several general patterns linking the urban environment and active travel.We found that a high-density built environment,mixed land use patterns,good street connectivity,supportive facilities for walking and cycling,a safe travel en-vironment,and a supportive social culture promote active travel.Moreover,environmental perceptions play a mediating and moderating role in the process of the urban environment influencing active transport travel.Third,we summarized key differences in research findings between studies from China and the western coun-tries.Our analysis revealed that some urban environmental elements,including built environment density,land use diversity,walkability/bikeability,road design,distance to city centers or commercial centers,and environ-mental safety,have different effects on active travel of urban residents in China and the western countries.Fur-thermore,studies in the western countries have focused on the moderating effect of individual characteristics in the process of urban environment influencing active travel,empirical but evidence is lacking in China.Finally,we made recommendations for future research.We suggested that future research should explore more the causal and non-linear relationships between the built environment and active transport travel,as well as precise modeling and measurement of active transport travel behavior.More importantly,future research should focus on unique issues related to urbanization and motorization in China,and propose unique and innovative theories and practical guidelines.
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