Logical construction and empirical study of urban resilience from density,distance and division perspective in the Yangtze River Delta
The impact of regional cities'risks is continuously becoming more cross-regional and multi-scale,highlighting the importance of exploring pathways to enhance resilience by leveraging urban network con-nectivity.Based on the connotation and features of density,distance and division elements(3D elements)in the new economic geography theory,we have developed an Urban Resilience Index model using the Pressure-State-Response framework and the coupling coordination degree model.This comprehensive model incorporates six indicators,encompassing three elements of ecological density,spatial distance and social division at both urb-an and regional scales.Taking 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations as a case study,the balanced development degree model and the geographic detector model methods are used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of the Urban Resilience Index,the balance status of urban internal and external de-velopment,and the effect of 3D elements on resilience levels at regional and urban scales.The results are as follows:1)The overall resilience level of the Yangtze River Delta cities remains low,exhibiting a"spindle-shaped"top-down quantitative structure.Resilience levels gradually decrease outward,with the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Area serving as the concentric and axial core.The resilience level is closely correl-ated with location conditions and planning connection,as well as the balance between internal and external re-silience development.2)As the level of urban resilience increases,there is a trend towards greater balance between the Resist-Restore Ability at the urban scale and the Adapt-Transform Ability at the regional scale.The leading scale of regional urban resilience development shifts from the urban scale to the regional scale,ul-timately forming a dual-scale linkage.Most high-level cities show balanced internal and external resilience de-velopment.More than half of the medium-level cities demonstrate balanced development,with better balance observed in southern region.However,among the low-level cities,only a few achieve balanced development.3)The effect of 3D elements on the level of resilience varies across different scale.Distance is the dominant element affecting resilience levels at the regional scale,while the dominant element at the urban scale is dens-ity.The interaction between the former two elements has an even more significant impact.Furthermore,the im-pact of social division at the urban scale is notably enhanced when interacting with other elements.Therefore,greater emphasis should be placed on the integrating and optimizing multiple elements across different scales.
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