Differentiation characteristics of trade-off on ecosystem services and identification of ecological security pattern in karst mountainous areas:A case study of Guizhou Province
As an important ecological function reserve and ecologically fragile area in Southwest China,it is of great significance to achieve the coordinated development of society and ecology in Guizhou Province by analyzing the trade-off relationship of regional ecosystem services and rationally constructing an ecological se-curity pattern.Therefore,this study evaluated the net primary productivity(NPP),soil conservation(SC)and water yield(WY)of this region from 2000 to 2020 by relevant models and methods,explored the spatial-tem-poral differentiation characteristics of the trade-off relationship between these three ecosystem services through root mean square error and spatial auto-correlation analysis.Then,a Bayesian belief network was built to ana-lyze the driving forces of regional trade-off changes,and regional ecological security patterns was identified by setting different trade-off scenarios.It showed that these three ecosystem services increased during 2000 to 2020;but there was obvious trade-off relationship between them in local regions.The heterogeneity character-istics of ecosystem service trade-off relationship under different backgrounds was significant.Among them,the trade-off between WY and SC,WY and NPP was stronger than that between NPP and WY at different alti-tudes;the trade-off between SC and NPP,SC and WY increased with the raising of slope;the trade-off between SC and WY was more obvious in karst canyons and karst basins;and there was a stronger trade-off relation-ship between WY and NPP,WY and SC in ecological restoration area.The trade-off of these 3 ecosystem ser-vices was affected by multiple forces,and the dominant driver of the trade-off between different ecosystem ser-vices was different;afforestation area,actual evapotranspiration and total precipitation was the main forces causing the trade-off change between SC and NPP,SC and WY,NPP and WY,respectively.Wangmo County,Luodian County of the southern Guizhou and Jiangkou County,Yinjiang County of the northeastern part faced the greatest ecological risk.In the future,the ecological security level of these counties can be improved by ad-justing the key state of the key forces.
ecosystem servicetrade-off relationshipBayesian Belief Network(BBN)ecological security patternGuizhou Province
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