Spatial differentiation of natural and human factors in the land surface system of the Earth is the main concern of Geography.Given the complexity of the land surface system,different research methods should be applied to different issues concerning the system.Based on past geographical research,four paradigms were generalized,including geographical empirical paradigm,geographical positivist paradigm,geographical system science paradigm,and geographical big data paradigm.Appropriate paradigms should be employed for different scientific questions,and multiple paradigms should be applied to some complicated questions.
land surface systemempirical paradigmpositivist paradigmsystem science paradigmbig data paradigm
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
