首页|基于人地关系的东北农村空心化测度及其整治路径研究——以黑龙江省拜泉县为例

基于人地关系的东北农村空心化测度及其整治路径研究——以黑龙江省拜泉县为例

扫码查看
快速城镇化进程中,人口大规模流失引发乡村人地关系失衡,加剧了村庄空心化问题.科学测度乡村空心化、提出以乡村振兴为导向的空心村整治策略,具有重要的现实意义.论文以黑龙江省拜泉县为例,基于人口转移率测度了乡村空心化水平,运用熵权TOPSIS法评价了村庄发展潜力水平,将二者结合识别了村庄发展类型,提出差异化的空心村整治策略.研究结果显示:①拜泉县乡村空心化水平均值为0.6529,空心化程度明显.乡镇层面的空心化处于中度和高度水平,村庄以高度和重度空心化为主.农村人口流失主要归因于城乡建设不均衡、农村就业机会少、农村社会保障水平偏低等.②村庄发展潜力均值为0.2279,整体水平偏低且空间分布差异明显,县城周边、沿主要交通干线以及主要河流的村庄发展潜力水平普遍高于偏远地区的村庄.产业兴旺(0.5026)水平显著高于乡风文明(0.2703)、生态宜居(0.1472),治理有效(0.0317)、生活富裕(0.0482)水平较低,成为村庄发展潜力的短板.③拜泉县村庄类型划分为Ⅰ类——高潜力低空心化、Ⅱ类——高潜力高空心化、Ⅲ类——低潜力低空心化、Ⅳ类——低潜力高空心化4类,整体以Ⅱ类——高潜力高空心化为主,且县域南部村庄发展状态好于北部地区.未来村庄发展应以乡村振兴战略为指引,重心向Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类以及南部村镇转移,并完善宅基地、生态用地、耕地等相关制度体系,促进村庄内部结构调整;培育合作社、家庭农场等新型经营主体,探索特色产业规划与升级道路;构建"中心镇—中心村—农民社区—村庄"的新型村镇体系,加强城乡互动,促进要素聚集、资源共享;同时加大环境整治,增强社会保障,吸引人才回归,实现空心化治理与县域乡村振兴.
Evaluation of hollowing out villages and its remediation path in Northeast China based on human-land relationships:A case study of Baiquan County,Heilongjiang Province
In the process of rapid urbanization,the imbalance of human-environment relationship caused by the emigration of rural population has exacerbated the problem of rural hollowing out.It is of great practical significance to measure the hollowing out of the countryside and put forward strategies to rectify the problem by focusing on rural revitalization.Taking Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province as an example,this study used population transfer rate to measure the hollowing level of villages and used the entropy weight TOPSIS method to evaluate the development potential of villages.Combining these two methods,this study identified the type of village development and put forward the differential remediation strategies of hollowing villages.The results show that:1)Baiquan County's rural hollowing level is 0.6529,and the degree of hollowing is severe.The hollowing at the township level is moderate and high,and the villages are dominated by high and heavy hollowing.Rural population loss is mainly due to the uneven development of urban and rural areas,few rural employment opportunities,low level of rural social security,among other factors.2)The average development potential of villages in Baiquan County is 0.2279,the overall level is low,and the spatial distribution difference is significant.The development potential of villages around the county seat and along the main transportation routes and major rivers is generally higher than the villages in remote areas.The level of industrial development(0.5026)is significantly higher than that of civilization(0.2703)and ecological environment(0.1472),and low levels of governance(0.0317)and affluence of residents(0.0482)have become shortcomings of village development potential.3)Villages of Baiquan County can be divided into four types-Ⅰ:high potential low hollowing,Ⅱ:high potential high hollowing,Ⅲ:low potential low hollowing,and Ⅳ:low potential high hollowing.Overall the county is dominated by high potential high hollowing,and the development of southern villages is better than the rest of the county.In the future,village development should be guided by the rural revitalization strategies,with a shift of focus towards categories Ⅰ and Ⅱ,as well as southern villages and towns.The villages should improve homesteads,ecological land,cultivated land,and other related systems to promote their internal structure adjustment;cultivate cooperatives,family farms,and other new types of management,so as to explore the planning and upgrading of characteristic industries;build a new system of"central town-central village-rural community-village"to enhance urban-rural interaction and promote factor aggregation and resource sharing;and increase environmental regulation,enhance social security,and attract the return of talents,thus realizing village hollowing governance and rural revitalization in the county.

rural revitalizationhuman-environment relationshiphollowing out of villagespotential evaluationvillage developmentBaiquan County of Heilongjiang Province

张茹、杜国明、李玉恒、王玲、Monika Stanny、Alexey Naumov

展开 >

东北农业大学公共管理与法学院,哈尔滨 150030

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101

中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

黑龙江省自然资源权益调查监测院,哈尔滨 150030

波兰科学院农村与农业发展研究所,波兰华沙00-330

罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科国立大学,俄罗斯莫斯科 119991

展开 >

乡村振兴 人地关系 村庄空心化 潜力评价 村庄发展 黑龙江省拜泉县

中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题国家自然科学基金中国科学院特别交流计划(2024)

XDA2813040242171208

2024

地理科学进展
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国地理学会

地理科学进展

CSTPCDCSSCI北大核心
影响因子:2.458
ISSN:1007-6301
年,卷(期):2024.43(3)
  • 40