Forest disturbance process caused by the expansion of agricultural and construction lands in the border zones of Mainland Southeast Asian countries and their neighbors
Geocooperation between neighboring countries globally facilitates forest conversion and land use change across border zones especially in the tropics.Compared with the disturbance of specific tropical forest types,research on border forest disturbance and its mechanism of response to geocooperation between countries still lags behind.Geoeconomic cooperation and competition among the countries of Mainland Southeast Asia(MSEA)and their neighbors(including Bangladesh,China,India,and Malaysia)as well as major extraterritorial powers have developed over three decades.However,the COVID-19 pandemic delayed geoeconomic cooperation and border development.A pressing question is whether the process of border forest disturbance was affected accordingly.With the Sentinel-2 10 m 2017-2021 land cover products,forest disturbance process in the 13 border zones between MSEA and their neighbors from two driving mechanisms of agricultural expansion and built-up area enlargement were examined using GIS spatial analysis,including forest conversion flow and kernel density.The main conclusions are:1)Forest is the dominant land cover type in all border zones of MSEA and their neighbors,followed by cropland and rangeland,and built-up area is critical in the surrounding areas of border ports.2)Forest disturbance represented the primary form of border land cover and landscape changes,with the area accounting for nearly 50％.Changes in cropland and rangeland have contributed to agricultural land expansion(90％)and built-up area growth(10％).3)Agricultural land expansion and built-up area enlargement of port areas were the principal and secondary driving mechanisms of border forest disturbance,respectively.The former contributed to over 70％,while the latter accounted for 3％ of the changes,yet showing an increasing trend year by year and notable national differences in direct and indirect effects on border forest disturbance.4)The COVID-19 pandemic weakened forest disturbance in all border zones,particularly in Cambodia and its border with Laos,exhibiting synchronous and asynchronous effects on the slow-down of forest disturbance on both sides of the borders.
border land usegeoeconomic cooperationforest disturbanceagriculture advance and forest retreatbuilt-up area growthCOVID-19 pandemic
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
