基于eDNA技术的密云水库鱼类群落结构及生态位变化分析
Analysis of fish community structure and ecological niche changes in Miyun Reservoir based on environmental DNA technology
曲疆奇 1郝桐锋 2李永刚 3刘录民 3郝东生 3贾成霞 1张清靖1
作者信息
- 1. 北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所渔业生物技术北京重点实验室,北京 100068
- 2. 北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所渔业生物技术北京重点实验室,北京 100068;天津农学院水产学院,天津 300392
- 3. 北京市密云区农业服务中心,北京 101500
- 折叠
摘要
为探究南水北调中线工程蓄水后新水域环境对鱼类群落的影响,采用eDNA宏条形码技术(envi-ronmental DNA metabarcoding)首次对密云水库鱼类群落结构及多样性的时空变化特征进行了分析,并结合生态位宽度Shannon-Winner(Bi)和重叠Pianka指数(Qik)研究了鱼类种群间的相互作用、共生共存及生态位分化的响应过程.结果表明:本次调查密云水库共检出86个鱼类物种eDNA信息,隶属14目21科68属,有3个鱼类eDNA信息仅注释到科、属级分类水平;鱼类主要栖息于水库底层(61.63％),以肉食性(43.02％)和杂食性(26.74％)摄食类型为主;PCoA分析显示,密云水库各采样点鱼类群落结构无显著性差异(P＞0.05),Alpha多样性各项指数也无显著性差异(P＞0.05);主要鱼类生态位宽度为1.15～9.25,均为中生态和广生态位种,其中,生态位重叠指数Qik＞0.6的种对有517对,约占总种对数的14.15％;与历史资料相比,鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)和鲤(Cyprinus carpio)等增殖放流鱼类仍为水库主要经济鱼类.研究表明,蓄水后营底栖、以肉食性和草食性为主要生活策略的水库鱼类对环境的适应能力较弱,且彼此之间竞争明显.
Abstract
In order to investigate the impact of the newly-formed aquatic environment after South-to-North water storage on fish communities,the spatio-temporal changes in fish community structure and diversity were analyzed in fish samples collected in the Miyun Reservoir Conservation Area in May and September 2022 by environmental DNA metabarcoding technology for the first time.The response process of the interaction,coexistence,and niche differ-entiation of fish populations was investigated by Shannon-Winner ecological niche width and Pianka niche overlap indices.The results showed that a total of 86 fish OTUs belonging to 14 orders,21 families,and 68 genera were detected in the reservoir,with 3 fish species only annotated at the genus level.Fish mainly inhabited the bottom of the water column(61.63％),with dominant carnivorous(43.02％)and omnivorous(26.74％)feeding types.The PCoA results showed that there were no significant differences in fish community structure and in various indices of alpha diversity among the sampling points(P＞0.05).The main ecological niche width of fish species was found to be ranged from 1.15 to 9.25,and all intermediate and broad niche species.There were 517 pairs of species with an ecological niche overlap index(Qik)of＞0.6,accounting for 14.15％of the total pairs.Comparison of historical data revealed that silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis),crucian carp(Carassius auratus),bluntnose black bream(Megalobrama amblycephala),and common carp(Cyprinus carpio)were still dom-inant species in the reservoir.After water storage,fish species that lived mainly on the bottom,with a carnivorous or herbivorous diet,had weaker adaptation to the environment,and there was obvious competition between them.
关键词
密云水库/鱼类群落结构/多样性/生态位变化/南水北调Key words
Miyun Reservoir/fish community structure/diversity/ecological niche change/South-to-North water diversion引用本文复制引用
基金项目
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230807)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(20240504)
北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所改革与发展项目(JJPY-2024-04)
北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所改革与发展项目(JJPY-2024-03)
现代农业产业技术体系建设项目北京市渔业创新团队项目(BAIC07-2024-07)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据