Methods, tools and research framework of ecosystem service trade-offs
Ecosystem services are the benefits humans received from the natural environment,which are closely related to the environmental process and human activities.With the deepening understanding one cosystem services,their relationships and integrated effects between different ecosystem services have been paid more and more attention both at spatial and temporal dimensions.Due to the complex relationships between diverse ecosystem services,there is likely to be a contradictory mutual relationship between various ecosystem services,which is mainly shown as reciprocal trade-offs or mutual gain synergies.Scientific understanding and weighing these trade-offs and synergies relationship would have contributed to ecosystem management and decision-making,and have great significance on realizing "win-win" polices for the economic development and ecological protection.In this paper,based on the literature review of ecosystem services worldwide,primary methods for trade-offs were firstly classified as statistical analysis,spatial analysis,scenarios analysis and ecosystem service flowing analysis,and summarized the advantages and disadvantages.In addition,some important models and tools for ecosystem service trade-offs were systematically reviewed.Furthermore,a theoretical framework of ecosystem service trade-offs analysis was proposed to explore the scale characteristics,interactions,overall benefit evaluation and optimization and drive mechanism of various ecosystem services.Eventually,this paper presented the prospects of future studies for ecosystem service trade-offs as following:(1) Quantizing and simulating the multi-scale spatial and temporal characteristics of the relationship between trade-offs and synergies is an important content in the study of ecosystem services trade-offs.(2) The models for ecosystem services trade-offs management would become the important methods to explore the interactions between various ecosystem services.(3) Model applications,parameter localization and regionalization are critical steps in the process of the ecosystem services research,shown as the flow of "quantitation,trade-offs and decision-making".(4) Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary comprehensive research is the most important direction in future trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services research.These prospects and reviews would help to offer revelation and reference for domestic relevant researches,and could provide the theoretic grounds for the practice of the study of the regional ecological environment management.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
