摘要
乡村社会空间可有效反映乡村社会阶层分化、社会经济结构转变、物质空间功能转型,对其开展研究有利于实现乡村振兴和城乡融合发展,促进区域协调发展.本文试图从乡村社会关系视角解析乡村社会空间内涵,在此基础上选取指标测度分析秦安县2000年、2010年和2020年乡村社会空间类型、结构及重构特征,探讨乡村社会空间重构机制.结果表明:①秦安县2000年、2010年和2020年乡村社会空间指标变化显著且空间差异明显,呈现老龄化、非农化、非粮化、生活条件优化、政府管理加强及聚落集聚复杂化的演变特征.②秦安县2000年、2010年和2020年乡村社会空间的主因子演变呈"分化-整合"特征,使乡村社会空间类型多元优质,结构大同小异,秦安县中东部地区较为显著,主要表现出设施配置优化、农业种植非粮化、管理强化及发展条件提升的特征.③行政、市场和社会等外部力量直接作用于人口、土地和产业等乡村内部要素,促使空间功能转型,并改变社会关系建构和社会活动发生的基础,影响乡村社会空间的内在建构和外在表征,进而导致乡村社会空间重构.
Abstract
With the rapid development of society and economy,urban-rural relations have been adjusted and transformed,urban and rural factor flows have been frequent,and talents,capital and technology have been tilted towards rural areas,with rural subjects becoming increasingly diversified and social relations becoming more complex.Rural social space can effectively reflect the stratification of rural society,the transformation of social and economic structure,and the transformation of physical space function.Studying it can promote rural revitalization and urban-rural integration,and regional coordinated development.This paper tried to analyze the connotation of rural social space from the perspective of rural social relations,and considers that rural social space is a social activity area constructed and mapped by the subject's social relations on the basis of socio-economic development and the natural background environment,reflecting the spatiality of social relations,the relationality of social space,and the dialectical relationship of"society-space".On this basis,this paper selected indicators to measure and analyze the characteristics of rural social space in Qin'an county in 2000,2010 and 2020,to clarify the spatial pattern and functional structure of the region,and to explore the characteristics of rural social space reconstruction and its mechanisms.The results showed that:(1)The rural social space indicators of Qin'an in 2000,2010 and 2020 had significant changes and spatial differences,showing the evolutionary characteristics of intensification of population aging,non-grain agricultural planting,improvement of residents'life with uneven phenomena,non-agricultural transformation of employment structure,strengthening of government management and complex agglomeration of settlements.(2)The evolution of the main factors of rural social space in 2000,2010 and 2020 was characterized by"differentiation-integration",resulting in a diversified and high-quality type of rural social space with a similar structure.The central and eastern parts of Qin'an county were more significant,mainly showing the characteristics of optimization of facility configuration,non-food agricultural cultivation,strengthening of management and improvement of development conditions.(3)External forces,such as administration,market and society,acted directly on the internal elements of the countryside,such as population,land and industry,prompting the transformation of spatial functions and changing the basis for the construction of social relations and the occurrence of social activities,thus affecting the internal construction and external manifestation of the rural social space,and leading to the reconstruction of the rural social space.The focus of future research on rural social space should be to further explore in depth the formation mechanism of rural social space on the basis of clarifying the interactions between rural social relations and subjective social activities in the process of spatial production,which is of great significance for the sustainable development of rural social space.
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