Spatial differentiation of urban shadow education from a field perspective:Taking the main urban area of Xi'an as an example
The proliferating phenomenon of shadow education,characterized by its rapid expansion,poses significant socio-economic challenges,notably augmenting academic pressures on students and escalating financial burdens on families.Furthermore,it exacerbates educational inequity through pronounced spatial differentiation.This investigation,focusing on shadow education institutions within principal districts of Xi'an,employs Pierre Bourdieu's field theory to articulate a shadow education field model.Through the deployment of Geographic Information Systems(GIS)spatial analysis techniques,it endeavors to quantitatively dissect the multidimensional and multiscale attributes of spatial differentiation inherent within the shadow education field,along with elucidating the underlying mechanisms of such differentiation.The outcomes of this research delineate that:(1)The fitting effect of the shadow education field model based on geographical spatial feature representation is good,and the higher the shadow education field strength value,the better the spatial fitting effect.(2)The shadow education field strength in the main urban area of Xi'an presents the circled differentiation characteristics of core area-core edge area-peripheral area on the urban scale,that is,the core area with high field strength is formed around the ancient city of Xi'an and the Second Ring Road,and the core edge area is formed between the second and the third ring roads,and the shadow education field strength shows a decreasing trend in the outward direction in the following order.(3)At the district scale,there is a multi-core hierarchical differentiation,and the economic capital,cultural capital and social capital characterising the field are significantly differentiated at the district level,with the three types of capital in the core districts of Beilin,Xincheng and Lianhu being the most prominent in terms of field strength,while the economic and cultural capital in the three external districts are relatively low.(4)At the street scale,there are multiple types of functional differentiation,forming three major field types:single-function,compound-function and weak-function.(5)The spatial differentiation of the shadow education field is the result of the comprehensive effects of socio-economic and spatial factors such as the integration of supply and demand entities in education,cultural consumption,functional differences in urban dynamic expansion,uneven spatial resource differences in urban facilities,and consumption differences in class differentiation.
fieldspatial differentiationsocial spacegeographic spacedifferentiation mechanismXi'an city
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