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民国湖南城镇用地与城镇人口关系分析

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近代中国城镇人口统计的不系统、不全面,导致以往近代城镇地理研究难以全面系统地展开.如何给近代绝大多数无人口统计的城镇赋予一套较为科学的人口数据,是近代城镇地理研究的首要问题.本文利用目前可见的民国省域范围城镇用地较高精度数据源,即1940年代《湖南省各县市重要城镇地籍一览图》中172个城镇的实测城镇用地数据,结合20世纪80、90年代地方志所载1949-1950年的城镇人口,分析得到近代典型区域的城镇人口-城镇用地面积关系的判定方法.结论显示:①民国湖南城镇人口数量同城镇用地面积高度正相关,但同城镇总面积的相关性较小.②民国湖南的人口城镇化率在6.19％～7.23％,土地城镇化率在0.04％.③民国湖南县城的人口密度一般在25000人/km2左右,市镇的人口密度一般在28000人/km2左右,与江南地区相比,湖南县城略低,市镇显著要高.④1940年代湖南城镇总面积、城镇用地、城镇人口的大小同城镇行政级别呈正相关,但城镇人口密度、城镇化率与行政等级无密切关系.⑤利用高精度的实测近代城镇用地估算城镇人口的技术路线可行,但用土地城镇化率估算城镇化率会显著低估.
Analysis of the relationship between urban land use and urban population in Hunan province during the Republic of China
Due to the unsystematic and incomplete urban population statistics in modern China,it was difficult to conduct comprehensive and systematic research on urban geography in the past.In modern China,there were a great many of towns without demographic data.The primary issue in modern urban geography research is how to provide a more scientific dataset of population for the vast majority of cities lacking population statistics.The main data of this article is the"List of cadastral places in important towns and towns of various counties and cities in Hunan province"from the 1940s.It is a set of high-precision data sources for urban land use within the province of the Republic of China that can be seen up to now.This study mainly used the measured urban land use data of 172 towns in this dataset,combined with the urban population data from 1949 to 1950 recorded in local chronicles of the 1980s and 1990s.Through comprehensive analysis of these data,a judgment method for the relationship between urban population and urban land area in modem typical regions is obtained.The conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1)During the Republic of China period,there was a highly positive correlation between the population of towns in Hunan and the land area of towns,but the correlation with the total urban area was relatively small.(2)During the study period,the population urbanization rate in the province ranged from 6.19％to 7.23％,and the land urbanization rate was 0.04％.(3)During the period,the population density of county seats in Hunan was generally around 25000 people/km2,while that of towns was roughly around 28000 people/km2.Compared with the relevant data in the Jiangnan region,the population density of county seats in Hunan is slightly lower,while that of towns is significantly higher.(4)In the 1940s,the total urban area,urban land use,and urban population in Hunan were positively correlated with urban administrative level,but there was no close relationship between urban population density,urbanization rate,and administrative level.(5)The technical route of using high-precision measured modern urban land to estimate urban population is feasible,but estimating urbanization rate using land urbanization rate will be significantly underestimated.

The Republic of Chinaurban landurban populationurbanization ratemodem urban cadastral mapcorrelationHunan province

杨洵奕、张小彤、王哲

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复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海 200433

武汉大学历史学院,武汉 430072

民国 城镇用地 城镇人口 城镇化率 近代城镇地籍图 相关性 湖南

湖南省社科基金一般委托项目湖南省社科基金一般委托项目教育部规划基金项目教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目国家社会科学基金重大项目用友基金会"商的长城"重点项目

24WTC0124WTC0222YJA77001722JJD770022182DA2472023-Z01

2024

10.11821/dlyj020230970

地理研究
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

地理研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：2.214
ISSN：1000-0585
年,卷(期)：2024.43(7)