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企划-活动分类系统的探索性研究

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活动分类是时空间行为研究的基础.社会技术变迁对经典的人类活动分类提出了挑战,基于活动特征的经典分类方法已无法满足当前研究对理解人类活动复杂性与信息通讯技术影响的新需求.时间地理学的企划概念可以弥补当前活动分类的不足.企划是指为完成特定目标而进行的一系列时空使用.融合企划概念的活动分类强调基于个体或组织意图所构建的活动内在联系来划分活动类型.然而,当前融合企划的活动分类体系还存在企划界定不清、缺乏考虑信息通讯技术发展、以西方发达国家为背景等局限.本研究提出"企划-活动分类系统"的概念、框架和构建方法,并以2021年北京市清河街道社区居民日常活动调查数据为基础,探索构建了企划-活动分类系统.企划-活动分类系统包括"需求-企划-活动-行为-片段"等五个等级,明确了企划在城市活动系统中的位置,链接了从活动需求到活动结果的全过程,在对活动类型进行概括的同时也保留了具体活动的丰富语义和情境信息.基于一手调查数据初步构建的企划-活动分类系统,一方面体现了近年来信息通讯技术发展对日常活动的影响,另一方面展现了具有中国特色的城市活动类型,在人类活动分类的理论方法发展和实证应用等方面显示出不断创新的可能性.
Explorative research on project-activity classification system
Human activity classification is a fundamental aspect of spatiotemporal behavior research.Traditionally,human activities are usually classified based on their constraint characteristics.However,the rapid evolution of society and technologies,such as information and communication technologies(ICTs),has introduced new complexities that challenge the adequacy of these classic classification methods.To address these limitations,the time-geographic concept of project offers a promising alternative.A project,in this context,is defined as a series of space/time-uses designated to achieve a specific goal.This concept allows for a more nuanced classification of activities based on the internal linkages between activities constructed by individual or organizational intentions.By framing activities within the context of projects,researchers can better understand the interconnectedness and goals-oriented nature of human behavior.Despite the potential of the project concept,existing research that integrates projects into activity classification still faces several challenges.These include the ambiguity of criteria used to define projects,a lack of consideration for the evolving ICTs,and a narrow focus on empirical studies mainly from Western developed countries.These limitations hinder the development of a more comprehensive and globally relevant framework for classifying human activities from the perspective of project.This study aims to advance the theory and methodology of human activity classification by introducing the concept of a"project-activity classification system"(PACS).The PACS incorporates five hierarchical levels:"demand-project-activity-behavior-episode,"which not only clarifies the role of projects within the urban activity system but also links the entire process from the initial demand for an activity to its eventual outcome.In addition,it goes beyond merely simplifying activity categories;it also preserves the semantic richness and contextual depth of detailed activities.The paper furtherly presents an exploratory construction of the PACS based on 2021 Beijing residents'daily activity survey data.The PACS preliminarily constructed in this paper based on first-hand survey,on the one hand,reflects the influence of the recent development of information and communications technologies on daily activities,on the other hand,demonstrates the types of urban activities with Chinese characteristics and shows possibilities for innovation in theory,methodology and empirical application of human activity classification.

time geographyclassification of human activityprojectproject-activity systeminformation and communications technologies

李春江、柴彦威、李彦熙、张艳

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北京大学城市与环境学院,北京 100871

加拿大多伦多大学地理与规划系,安大略省M5S3G3

北京联合大学北京学研究所,北京 100191

时间地理学 人类活动分类 企划 企划-活动系统 信息通讯技术

国家自然科学基金面上项目国家自然科学基金面上项目国家自然科学基金面上项目北京联合大学高水平孵化科研项目

417711854207120342271199ZK10202201

2024

10.11821/dlyj020240138

地理研究
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

地理研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：2.214
ISSN：1000-0585
年,卷(期)：2024.43(9)
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