Landscape aesthetic quality assessment of Danxia landforms based on analytic hierarchy process:A case study of Danxia sites in Southeast China
Danxia landscape is an important part of the beautiful land in China,and it is also one of the most popular tourist resources,therefore,carrying out aesthetic quality evaluation has theoretical and practical significance for its protection and exploitation.This paper,combining the Delphi method and landscape classification results,breaks down the aesthetic evaluation targets of Danxia scenic areas into five criteria layers:peaks,cliffs,pillars,valleys,and arches.Subsequently,five landscape types are established based on three dimensions:landform features,landscape aesthetics,and observer perception.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)is then employed to determine the weights of different landscapes and evaluation criteria,constructing an aesthetic quality evaluation model for Danxia landforms in southeastern China.Following this model,24 sites from five Danxia areas with prominent aesthetic values and similar landscape structures are selected for aesthetic quality evaluations.Results indicate that:(1)The importance of different landscapes in influencing the aesthetic quality of Danxia landscapes ranks in the order of cliffs,peaks,arches,pillars,and valleys.(2)The most significant factor influencing the aesthetic quality of Danxia cliffs is complexity,especially in combination with water bodies and cultural landscapes,while the impact of color is minimal.(3)The most significant factor affecting the aesthetic quality of Danxia peaks is uniqueness,particularly in terms of distinctive shapes,with the least impact from negative landform diversity.(4)For Danxia natural bridges and pillars,the most significant factor affecting aesthetic quality is the combination of graceful and unique shapes,followed by size and volume,with minimal influence from adjacent landscapes.(5)The most significant factor influencing the aesthetic quality of Danxia valleys is size,with minimal impact from detailed features.(6)Mt.Danxiashan in Guangdong has the highest aesthetic value among the five areas.Furthermore,the evaluation results based on on-site and photo-based AHP methods are essentially consistent,demonstrating the feasibility of aesthetically evaluating Danxia landscapes through photographs.Finally,based on the weights of different evaluation criteria and results,targeted protection,utilization measures,and development recommendations are proposed for different types of Danxia landscapes.
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