The gain and loss of rituals and the continuity of Chinese civilization
Rituals are one of the important characteristics of Chinese culture throughout the long history of Chinese civilization.The so-called"decay of rituals and music"during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period actually represents a transformation of rituals during the transitional period of ancient Chinese society.Represented by Confucius,the Confucianists transformed the traditional Zhou rituals by sorting the classics of ritual studies and elucidating the principles of rituals.After the Qin and Han Dynasties,Zhou rituals existed in new forms.Among the three ritual systems,the"Zhou Li"system,with the state as the main subject,was valued during the Wei,Jin,Southern,and Northern Dynasties,especially in the North where the political system was modeled after the"Zhou Li".This demonstrates the critical role of rituals in promoting unity during these periods.Rituals are an important factor that maintains the unity of Chinese culture and also the main intrinsic motive for the continuity of Chinese civilization.